Map by Jose Antonio de Alzate y Ramirez, 1768
V88.1.2
Educational Collection

Spain sent Alfonso Alvarez de Pineda in 1519 to map the coastline of the Gulf. In 1528, Panfilo de Narvaez followed. Within a year, only three people were still alive on that ill-fated expedition. The survivors, led by Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, would spend many years as captives of the native Indians, bought and sold among various tribes as slaves. During this time, de Vaca traveled widely throughout the region. In 1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronoda to explore the northern regions of Texas. Jaun de Onate explored the Panhandle regions in 1601.

Bernardo de Galvez
A38.41 F29 UD
Donated by Dr. William E. Howard

Steel horse bit
M55.31.1
Gift of Morris Hallman